Page 22 - 2026年4月號
P. 22
A
At first it just t first it just
alaria has bedeviled
reverse the hard-won progress that has
起初，那感覺只像是重感冒。 ૢɛնdՉʕߒ 75% ݊ 5 ๋˸ Όଢ҅ැʔᖢ֛Җϓəҁߕࠬ
seemed like a bad flu. M humankind for mil- been made since 2000,” warns a 2025
seemed like a bad flu.
ᅳd͍ආɓӉۂࢮဳशԣՓٙ
lennia. Caused by a
丹妮爾h史 塔 尼 西 (Danielle ɨ̼ٙഁf report by the intergovernmental African
The illness struck Danielle mosquito-borne par- Leaders Malaria Alliance and the non-
profi t Malaria No More UK. Last year’s
asite, the disease has
Stanisic) 發病時，她正遠赴紐 ဳश݊ீཀݔԬშဳর̝ ࣖɢdԨ̙ঐᔷІ 2000 ϋ˸
Stanisic while she was in New
a icted generations
round of pledges to the Global Fund part-
ԸԔාܔͭٙϓ؈f̘ϋމ࿁
ېෂᅧഗɛᗳf௰੬Ԉٙसً̍
York for a research gig, her
約從事研究工作，那是她第一次 stretching back to the likes of Alexander nership, which raises money to fi ght ma-
first time living away from the Great, believed to have been killed by laria, AIDS, and tuberculosis, produced
ܼ೯ደe᎘೨dʿఫᛦf߰͊ʿ
Ҥဳशeฌಿषʿ٬ഐࣨٙΌ
離開澳洲家鄉獨自在外生活。所 the illness on the banks of the Euphra- less than the previous round, in 2022.
home in Australia. It was her
tes. Traces of malaria parasites have been The report’s authors predict that failing
幸她的實驗室同僚察覺異狀，堅 ࣛطᐕdชݑ̙ঐ೯࢝ϓࠠसd ଢਿږ(Global Fund) ΥЪࠇ
lab mates, though, who grew
to match the earlier level of funding will
found, too, in mummifi ed remnants of Tu-
ኬߧह௶eפ⏩dʿխіѢᗭd
הණ࣏ٙಛdˇۃɓΫΥ
tankhamen’s blood.
alarmed and insisted she get
持要求她進行檢測。結果證實， Today, though the disease is prevent- result in an even greater increase in the
number of malaria cases and deaths.
tested. It turned out Stanisic, ޟЇίसً̈ତܝ 24 ʃࣛ 2022 ϋࣛٙᅼf༈జѓЪ٫
able and treatable, malaria remains a
6 個月前曾前往巴布亞紐幾內亞 The WHO’s approval starting in 2021
who had traveled to Papua deadly and destructive force in large of two breakthrough vaccines for malaria
ཫd߰༟ږೌج༺Ցۃٙ˥
ʫɝאϥɳfኋ၍ဳशԨ
的史塔尼西感染了瘧疾。 swaths of the world, nowhere more so — the fi rst ever against parasites — is
New Guinea six months ear-
giving hope that this dire forecast can be
than in Africa, home to 95 percent of
lier, had malaria. ʔՈෂݑdɰʔึٜટίɛၾ ̻dਗ਼ኬߧဳशषԷၾϥɳɛᅰ
averted and even that the disease could
隨後住院的一週是一段痛 cases and deaths. In 2024, malaria is
The next week in the hos- estimated to have sickened 282 million be eradicated. Dozens of other possible
һɽషᖂʺ f
ɛʘගෂᅧdШরɿίіชݑ
苦模糊的記憶，但 20 年後回首 people and killed 610,000, about 75 per- vaccines are in the pipeline. Among them
pital was a blur of suffering, cent of them under the age of 5. is a promising candidate being developed
˰ޢሊ͛ଡ଼ᔌІ 2021 ϋৎ
٫ٙА૰ࣛึᙳ੭͛ᔥdආϾ
往事，史塔尼西最深刻的感受是 The disease is spread to humans by Stanisic and her team in Australia.
but looking back 20 years
ᚃࣨࡘՇಛ߉ॎޥߴ ķķ
For decades, scientists have puzzled
through the bite of some female Anoph-
later, Stanisic’s overriding
自己何其幸運。她說：「自己能 ਗ਼Չ̺ഗՉ˼ɛf over how to train the body’s immune
eles mosquitoes. The most common
வ̦݊ɪҭ০࿁͛ᔥٙޥߴ
feeling about the ordeal is symptoms are fever, headache, and chills. system to fi ght malaria more e¢ ectively.
在醫院獲得快速且有效的醫療照
how lucky she was. “I had If left untreated, the infection can lead to The parasites that cause the disease have
ķķ ᜫɛࡁዷৎҎૐdႩމவධ
severe illness with fatigue, seizures, and existed for millions of years, so we have
顧，不必擔心藥品是偽藥，也不 數十年來，
access to rapid and effective
di culty breathing, and may cause coma evolved together, trapped in a relentless
ేᝈٙཫאঐҩᔷdޟЇ
care in a hospital,” she says.
or death in as little as 24 hours from the
必擔心點滴液不足。但在瘧疾流 科學家一直苦思 war of biological one-upmanship. In
̙ঐ࣬ৰவධशषfͦۃᒔϞᅰ
“I didn’t have to worry about onset of symptoms. Though malaria is some malaria-prone areas, for instance,
如何訓練人體免疫系統
行國家，情況並非如此。」 not contagious or spread directly from gene mutations in humans changed the
the drugs being counterfeit. person to person, mosquitoes feeding on shape and behavior of red blood cells.
ɤ၇ᆑίޥߴ͍ί೯චݬdՉ
如今，史塔尼西已是專攻寄 an infected person’s blood can pick up the One example, the sickle-cell trait, can
I didn’t have to worry about 對抗瘧疾。
ʕܼ̦̍෫̵Гྠඟίዦݲක೯
cause red blood cells infected with the
parasite and spread it to other people.
them not having enough IV
生蟲防治的資深免疫學家。在她 In the fi rst two decades of this century, malaria parasite to self-destruct along
ٙଉՈᆑɢޥߴ f
ί͉˰ߏٙۃ 20 ϋdաᅂ
fluids. I didn’t have to worry the risk of malaria gradually dropped in af- with the invaders.
獵殺清單的首位，正是引發瘧疾 At the same time, the cunning parasite
fected areas, with the bigest factor by far
about any of that. That’s ᚤήਜٙဳशࠬᎈಀနɨࠥd ᅰɤϋԸd߅ኪɓٜ߮ܠ
being the adoption of preventive measures developed sophisticated ways of dodging
的生物入侵者。這名殺手每年奪 ˴ࠅᓥ̌ཫԣણ݄ٙ౷ʿd νОᇖɛеޥӻ୕ԸһϞࣖ
not the way it is in malaria
like bed nets treated with insecticides that our bodies’ defenses. Malaria parasites
can last three years or more and spraying shape-shift during their life cycle, dra-
endemic countries.”
走約 60 萬人的性命，且大多數
interior walls with similarly long-lasting matically changing forms and surface fea-
Today, Stanisic is a veteran ԷνԴࣖ͜ɢ̙༺ 3 ϋ˸ɪٙ૨ ࿁Ҥဳशfˏ೯வ၇शषٙ͛
insecticide. Aided by such measures, 47 tures. This is a problem for our immune
受害者都身處無法像她一樣有幸
ᔥኒஈଣཀٙর੮d˸ʿί܃ʫ
ᔥʊπίᅰϵຬϋdҢࡁၾʘ
immunologist specializing countries have been certifi ed malaria-free system’s beat cops, or antibodies, which
取得醫療照護的地方。 by the World Health Organization, includ- sketch mug shots of pathogens to quickly
in defeating parasites. Atop
Νစʷdɝəɓఙೌઋٙ͛ي
ᐍࠦᄝᛈᗳЧٙڗࣖ૨ᔥኒfί
her hit list is the biological ing Egypt, China, and, most recently, the identify them and call for reinforcements
Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste in if they’re spotted again.
Modern vaccines, including the two
श٧ᚂɛᗳʊϞᅰɷϋ 2025. Antimalarial drugs also saved lives.
invader that causes malaria, வԬણ݄ٙпɢɨd47 ࡈ ൴൳ᘩᒄfԷνίݔԬဳशସБ
ʊᐏ˰ޢሊ͛ଡ଼ᔌႩᗇމೌဳ
ਜਹdɛᗳٙਿΪ߉ᜊҷᜊəߎ
a killer of around 600,000 Since the start of the COVID-19 pan- malaria shots approved so far, train the
ʘɮfவ၇͟রɿෂᅧ demic, however, case counts have grown immune system often with only part of
people e
ဳach year, most of again. And global cuts to aid funding a single surface protein from that patho-
ٙ͛ᔥशषdಀᜫೌ
АଢٙҖًၾБމfՉʕɓࡈԷ
शήਜdܼ̍ࡾʿeʕd˸ʿ
them in places offering little could triger a further devastating rever- gen. It’s a safe way for antibodies to draw
that wanted poster without risk of an
sal of the progress. “A perfect storm of cli-
ᅰ˰˾ཱིաұጋfኽڦdԭዝʆ 2025 ϋ௰อ̋ɝٙ؇ӡfҤ ɿ݊ᚙɠߤٙतd̴ঐԴա
of the luck that she had
mate change, rising drug and insecticide actual infection. But malaria parasites
ɽɽک݊ί̼೯זֵئऱጩઃ ဳशᖹيɰܻહεնf ဳࡡᔥชݑٙߎАଢၾɝڧ٫ɓ
resistance, trade disruptions, and global are masters of disguise and can rapidly
accessing care.
insecurity further undermine the e cacy change themselves to evade the human
್ϾdІอڿޥઋᖑ೯˸
ΝІҢ์๘f
ϤशषԒ݂fޟЇίྡվ̔ژج of malaria interventions and threaten to immune response.
ϼٙ˝ɗͺА૰ಞ༦ʕdɰ೯ତ ԸdषԷᅰΎܓᖂʺfΌଢ౪п ၾϤΝࣛdޗٙ͛ᔥɰ
30 ROTARY APRIL 2026
əဳࡡᔥٙᔳ༦f ༟ږٙۂಯdһ̙ঐԴཀ̘ٙϓ ೯࢝̈༯ᒒɛԣጏӻ୕ٙၚѶ
ᒱ್ତʦဳशʊ̙݊ཫԣ ؈์ɓ͇f༨ִ݁ଡ଼ᔌڢݲ ˓ݬfဳࡡᔥίՉ͛նಂʕึ
˲̙طᐕٙशषdШ̴ί˰ޢᄿ
apr26-D-MalariaVaccine.indd 30 ჯஙဳशᑌຑ(African Leaders ʔᓙᜊʷҖ࿒dᄌडҷᜊ̮Җʿ
3/2/26 00:07
ɽήਜʥ݊Ոॎᕸٙϥɳ۾ Malaria Alliance) ʿڢᐄлଡ଼ᔌ ڌࠦतᅄfவ࿁еޥӻ୕ٙᙆ
উdՉʕ˸ڢݲ௰މᘌࢡdΌଢ ߵ͂Ꮨဳश(Malaria No ࿀Ҟ͂ඟ ķķ уҤ ķķ ி
95% ٙषԷၾϥɳɛᅰޫණʕ More UK) ί 2025 ϋٙజѓʕᙆ ϓѢᓔiҤࡡ͉ึމषࡡᖭ
ϤfኽПࠇd2024 ϋဳशኬߧ 2 ѓjंࡉᜊቋeᖹيၾ૨ᔥኒ Ⴁ͕ໆӽ྅d˸کҞᗆй
ᄂ 8,200 ຬɛݑषdԨྮԐ 61 ຬ Ҥᖹٙᄣ̋e൱ʕᓙd˸ʿ ԨίΎϣ೯ତࣛխ̣ᄣ౪f
20 臺灣扶輪 2026.4
apr26-D-MalariaVaccine.indd 31 3/2/26 00:07
